WIRELESS CONNECTION

 Wireless connections do not use a solid substance to connect sending and receiving devices. Rather, they use the air itself. Primary technologies used for wireless connections are infrared, radio frequency, microwave, and satellite.


INFRARED - uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. It is sometimes referred to as line-of-sight communication because the light waves can only travel in a straight line. This requires that sending and receiving devices must be in clear view of one another without any obstructions blocking that view. One of the most common applications is to transfer data and information from a portable device such as a notebook computer or PDA to a desktop computer.


RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) - uses radio signals to communicate between wireless devices. For example, cellular telephones and many Internet-enabled devices use RF to place telephone calls and/or to connect to the Internet. Some end users connect their notebook or handheld computers to a cellular telephone to access the Web from remote locations. Most home or business wireless networks are based on a standard called Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity). Bluetooth is a short-range radio communication standard that transmits data over short distances of up to approximately 33 feet. Bluetooth is widely used for wireless headsets, printer connections, and handheld devices.



MICROWAVE - communication uses high-frequency radio waves. Like infrared, microwave communication provides line-of-sight communication because microwaves travel in a straight line. Because the waves cannot bend with the curvature of the earth, they can be transmitted only over relatively short distances. Thus, microwave is a good medium for sending data between buildings in a city or on a large college campus. For longer distances, the waves must be relayed by means of microwave stations with microwave dishes or antennas. These stations can be installed on towers, high buildings, and mountaintops.



SATELLITE - communication uses satellites orbiting about 22,000 miles above the earth as microwave relay stations.

      Many of these are offered by Intelsat, the International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium, which is owned by 114 governments and forms a worldwide communication system. Satellites rotate at a precise point and speed above the earth. They can amplify and relay microwave signals from one transmitter on the ground to another. Satellites can be used to send and receive large volumes of data. Uplink is a term relating to sending data to a satellite. Downlink refers to receiving data from a satellite. The major drawback to satellite communication is that bad weather can sometimes interrupt the flow of data.

     One of the most interesting applications of satellite communications is for global positioning. A network of 31 satellites owned and managed by the Defense Department continuously sends location information to earth. Global positioning system (GPS) devices use that information to uniquely determine the geographical location of the device. Available in many automobiles to provide navigational support, these systems are often mounted into the dash with a monitor to display maps and speakers to provide spoken directions. Many of today's cell phones, including the Apple iPhone, use GPS technology for handheld navigation. 


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