NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

 



Network architecture describes how a network is arranged and how resources are coordinated and shared. It encompasses a variety of different network specifics, including network topologies and strategies. Network topology describes the physical arrangement of the network. Network strategies define how information and resources are shared.


TOPOLOGIES -


A network can be arranged or configured in several different ways. This arrangement is called the network's topology. While many different topologies can be used for networks, six basic categories represent the past, present, and future of modern networking. The past is represented by two network topologies that can still be found today but have been replaced in large part by newer, more efficient topologies. These older or legacy networks are


• Bus network - each device is connected to a common cable called a bus or backbone and all communi cations travel along this bus.


• Ring network - each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring. When a message is sent, it is passed around the ring until it reaches the intended destination.

Both of these legacy topologies pass Fig messages device-to-device in sequence, which causes several disadvantages. A single incorrectly configured or malfunctioning device could cause errors or even bring the whole network down. Since all messages must pass through all nodes between the source and destination, bandwidth usage is high, making this type of topology slow and less efficient. Finally, security is a greater challenge since intermediate devices receive messages that are not intended for them. The present is represented by three network topologies that are widely used today. These current network topologies are


• Star network-each device is connected directly to a central network switch. Whenever a node sends a message, it is routed to the switch, which then passes the message along to the intended recipient. The star network is the most widely used network topology today. It is applied to a broad range of applications from small networks in the home to very large networks in major corporations.

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