Ram VS Rom

 RAM-

          Random-access memory (RAM) chips hold the program (sequence of instructions) and data that the CPU is presently processing. RAM is called tem porary or volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the microcomputer is turned off. It is also lost if there is a power failure or other disruption of the electric current going to the microcomputer. Secondary storage  does not lose its contents. It is per manent or nonvolatile storage, such as the data stored on a hard disk. For this reason, as we mentioned earlier, it is a good idea to frequently save your work in progress to a secondary storage device. That is, if you are working on a document or a spreadsheet, every few minutes you should save, or store, the material.

          Cache (pronounced "cash") memory improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory and the CPU. The computer detects which information in RAM is most frequently used and then copies that information into the cache. When needed, the CPU can quickly access the information from the cache. Having enough RAM is important! For example, to use Microsoft Office 2007 effectively, you need a minimum of 256 MB of RAM to hold the program and another 512 MB-1024 MB of RAM for the operating system. Some applications, such as photo editing software, may require even more. Fortunately, additional RAM, can be added to a computer systems by inserting an expansion module called a DIMM (dual in-line memory module) into the system board. The capacity or amount of RAM is expressed in bytes. There are three commonly used units of measurement to describe memory capacity. Other types of RAM include DRAM, SDRAM, DDR, and Direct RDRAM. Even if your computer does not have enough RAM to hold a program, it might be able to run the program using virtual memory. Most of today's operating systems support virtual memory. With virtual memory, large programs are divided into parts and the parts are stored on a secondary device, usually a hard disk. Each part is then read into RAM only when needed. In this way, computer systems are able to run very large programs.



ROM-

          Read-only memory (ROM) chips have information stored in them by the manufacturer. Unlike RAM chips, ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user. "Read only" means that the CPU can read, or retrieve, data and programs written on the ROM chip. However, the computer cannot write encode or change the information or instructions in ROM.

          ROM chips typically contain special instructions for detailed computer operations. For example, ROM instructions are needed to start a computer, to access memory, and to handle basic keyboard input.



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