Overview Of Information Technology And Computer

 

1. What is a computer?

Ans-Computer is a machine which can do the work of calculations.

2. Name two early computer devices.

Ans-Abacus Machine, Pascal Calculator.

3. What is a digital computer?

Ans-Computer which works on the principal of binary digits (0 and 1) and c do only calculations.

4. What is an analog computer?

Ans-Computer which can work on the principle of current and which can measu and compare two things.

5. Arrange the following computers in order of their speed and capacity, Micro Super, Mainframe, Mini.

Ans-Mini, Micro, Mainframe, Super. 

6. Arrange the following printers in order of their speed. Dotmatrix, Inkjet, Laser.

Ans- Inkjet, Dotmatrix, Laser. 

7. Arrange the following storage devices in order of their capacity. Zip floppy, Floppy Disk, Compact Disk, Magnetic Tape.

Ans-Floppy Disk, Magnetic Tape, Zip Floppy, Compact Disk.

8. Name two super computers developed by India

Ans- PARAM, PARAM ANANT and ANURAG.

9. Based on classification, what are the types of computers ?

Ans- Digital, Analog and Hybrid computers. 3. The computers which work on the principle of binary number system (0 and I) and can perform the work of calculations. These computers are of very high speed.

10. Write a short note on digital computers. 

Ans-Digital, Analog and Hybrid computers.

The computers which work on the principle of binary number system (0 and I) and can perform the work of calculations. These computers are of very high speed.

11. Expand the following terms:

(i) PROM- Programmable Read Only Memory.

(ii) EEPROM- Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

(iii) ENIAC- Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator.

(iv) MS-DOS.- Micro Soft-Disk Operating System

12. How technology is useful in industries and manufacturing units?

Ans- CAD and CAM are the two important areas which are being highly effectively used in industries and manufacturing units.

CAD means Computer Aided Designing

CAM means Computer Aided Manufacturing.

Computers are used for designing output and manufacturing of the products. 

 13. Name the areas where computer applications are used in Banking

 Ans- Branch Transactions, Electronic Funds Transfer, Automated Teller Machines, MICR Cheques.

14.What is Central Processing Unit ?

Ans- Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main functioning unit of the computer. It controls overall functioning of the computer. It is a combination of the

following parts:

(i) Control Unit

(ii) Arithmetic and Logic Unit 

(iii) Memory Unit.

 15. Write a note on Control Unit.

Ans- Control unit controls the working of computer. It ensures whether the computer is doing operations as per commands given to it or not.

 16. What are the storage units?

 Ans- The capacity of memory is measured in storage units like KB, MB, GB etc.

1 KB =1024 bytes

1 MB = 1024 x 1024 bytes

1 GB = 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes.

17.Name six areas where computers are being used.

Ans- (i) Education 

(ii) Communications

(iii) Transportation

(iv) Space Science

(v) Medical Research

(vi) Industries and Manufacturing Units.

 18. Write short notes on :

(i) ROM- Read Only Memory (ROM) This memory is also termed as FIRMWARE. This memory cannot be altered or washed and is permanent in nature. This memory gives instructions to the computer. ROM is non-volatile in nature.

(ii) RAM- Random Access Memory (RAM) This memory is temporary and therefore volatile in nature. This memory is washed as soon as the supply of power is cut. The capacity of the computer is related with RAM. The more the capacity of RAM, the more powerful is the computer. Random Access Memory can be further divided into three parts.

19. Write the periods of first four computer generations.

Ans-

First Generation (1942-1960)

Second Generation (1960-1965)

Third Generation (1965-1975)

Fourth Generation (1975-Present)

20. Name those areas/applications which are being used on Internet.

Ans-

(i) World wide web (www) for opening various websites on the Interne

(ii) Electronic mail (E-mail) is the major application being used on t internet.

(iii) Chatting. It is an on-line textual talk between the users of interne

21. Write briefly on third generation of computers.

Ans-Third Generation

The computers of this generation could be developed after the developme of Integrated Circuit (IC). Integrated circuits were made of silicon. A sing IC could hold a number of transistors and resistors. This was also calle Chip. The computers of this generation were 1000 times faster as compare

(i) ENIAC is related with 

 Ans- First Generation

(ii) Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) can be

Ans-programmed through conventional methods, but once only.

(iii) As compared to discrete circuit, an IC has the advantage of 

Ans- small size

(iv) The operation of a digital computer is based on which principle

Ans- logical.

(v) The first mechanical computer designed by Babbage was called

Ans- analytical engine

vi) The CPU can perform read or write operations at any point in time in

Ans- RAM.

(vii) The basic components of a modern digital computer are

Ans- Output device

(viii) Fifth generation computers are likely to exhibit

Ans- Advanced parallel processing

(ix)The number of persons in a family is a .......

quantity.

Ans- Hybrid

(x) The speedometer of a car represents.........

Ans- Analog computer

(xi) First generation computers used

Ans- Vacuum tubes

(xii) is used to check the errors in RAM Chips. 

Ans- Parity checking circuit

(xiii) ROM is made of

Ans-Magnetic core or semiconductor device

(xiv) When was first micro computer developed

Ans- 1970.

(xv) Which of the following is the most powerful type of computer?

Ans-superconductor

(xvi) Hybrid computer is

Ans-a combination of digital and analog computers

(xvii) Silicon chips are made of

Ans- Silicon.

(xviii) CPU chip was discovered by the.............. company.

Ans- INTEL

(xix) The other name of the FIRMWARE is

Ans- ROM

(xx) Digital computer was developed in

Ans- America